Does Caffeine Intake Affect Pregnancy?
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Many women worry about caffeine during fertility efforts, but as long as intake is not excessive, there is generally no need for concern.
Some reports indicate that women who drank about five cups of caffeinated beverages per day had higher pregnancy rates than those who did not consume caffeine at all. On the other hand, other studies suggest that women who drank more than five cups of coffee daily had lower pregnancy rates compared to those who consumed fewer than five cups. Thus, no unified conclusion has been reached regarding caffeine intake and pregnancy.
Similarly, for men, there is no clear evidence that caffeine consumption affects sperm quality or fertilization rates in assisted reproductive technologies. However, caution is advised with energy drinks. Since caffeine content varies by product, it is recommended to limit consumption to one can or bottle per day.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), although the effects of caffeine on the fetus are not yet definitively established, pregnant women are advised to limit coffee intake to 3 to 4 cups per day. Excessive caffeine consumption may be associated with fetal growth retardation, low birth weight, preterm birth, or stillbirth.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) also states that caffeine intake below 200 mg per day during pregnancy does not pose health risks to the fetus.
Since caffeine is also present in chocolate, cola, and other common snacks, be mindful of your total intake from everyday foods and treats.
| Food/Beverage | Caffeine Concentration |
|---|---|
| Coffee | 60 mg / 100 ml |
| Instant Coffee (granulated) | 57 mg / 100 ml |
| Gyokuro (high-grade green tea) | 160 mg / 100 ml |
| Black Tea | 30 mg / 100 ml |
| Sencha (green tea) | 20 mg / 100 ml |
| Oolong Tea | 20 mg / 100 ml |
| Energy Drinks, etc. | 32–300 mg / 100 ml (per can/bottle: 36–150 mg) |
| Guideline Organization | Recommended Maximum Intake | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| WHO | 3–4 cups per day | Intake above 3–4 cups may pose fetal risks |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) | 200 mg or less per day | No recognized health risks to the fetus |
This article aims to provide balanced, evidence-based information to help you make informed decisions about caffeine consumption during your fertility journey. Moderate intake is generally safe, but it is wise to monitor and limit caffeine, especially from energy drinks and multiple sources, to support a healthy pregnancy.